{"id":993,"date":"2025-07-11T01:52:52","date_gmt":"2025-07-11T01:52:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resources.kialo-edu.com\/?post_type=docs&#038;p=993"},"modified":"2025-07-11T12:48:59","modified_gmt":"2025-07-11T12:48:59","password":"","slug":"knowledge-and-the-knower-personal-memory-vs-shared-memory-3","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/resources.kialo-edu.com\/en\/docs\/knowledge-and-the-knower-personal-memory-vs-shared-memory-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Personal Memory vs Shared Memory, Lesson 3"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lesson 3: Listening Task<\/h2><p><strong>Focus<em>:<\/em><\/strong><em> How does power and bias influence historical narratives?<\/em><\/p><p>Suggested Length: 1 hour<\/p><p>Learning Objectives:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Analyze how history is revised over time and what factors drive these revisions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Evaluate the role of power, bias, and perspective in shaping historical knowledge.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Practice critically listening and evaluating information.<\/li>\n<\/ul><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background has-fixed-layout\" style=\"background-color:#e9f1fb\"><thead><tr><th>Critical Thinking Concepts<\/th><th>TOK Concepts<\/th><th>Reflection Questions<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Confronting Biases and Assumptions:<\/strong> Identify perspective bias, question objectivity, and challenge authority bias.<br><br><strong>Exploring Contexts and Expert Opinions:<\/strong> Examine how power shapes historical narratives.<br><br><strong>Responsiveness and Flexibility of Thought:<\/strong> Students weigh contradictory perspectives and assess the impact and effects of historical reinterpretation.<\/td><td><strong>Perspectives:<\/strong> Who benefits from historical revision?<br><br><strong>Bias:<\/strong> Can we ever write a fully &ldquo;objective&rdquo; history?<br><br><strong>Power:<\/strong> How do power structures determine which historical narratives survive?<br><br><br><br><br><\/td><td>What factors cause historical revision? <br><br>Does revising history mean previous knowledge was false? <br><br>Who benefits from historical revision? Who loses?<br><br>Can some revisions be dangerous (e.g., Holocaust denial, rewriting colonial histories)?<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><style>#sp-ea-997 .spcollapsing { height: 0; overflow: hidden; transition-property: height;transition-duration: 300ms;}#sp-ea-997.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single {margin-bottom: 10px; border: 1px solid #e2e2e2; }#sp-ea-997.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.ea-header a {color: #444;}#sp-ea-997.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.sp-collapse>.ea-body {background: #fff; color: #444;}#sp-ea-997.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single {background: #eee;}#sp-ea-997.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.ea-header a .ea-expand-icon { float: left; color: #444;font-size: 16px;}<\/style><div id=\"sp_easy_accordion-1751545938\"><div id=\"sp-ea-997\" class=\"sp-ea-one sp-easy-accordion\" data-ea-active=\"ea-click\" data-ea-mode=\"vertical\" data-preloader=\"\" data-scroll-active-item=\"\" data-offset-to-scroll=\"0\"><div class=\"ea-card sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-9970\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse9970\" aria-controls=\"collapse9970\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> Resources and Preparation<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse spcollapse\" id=\"collapse9970\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-9970\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><ol><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lesson Slides, attached below.<\/span><\/li><li>Students can create their own discussion around the central question, or you can clone and use this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kialo-edu.com\/p\/4d6a3342-bef7-417a-af2e-1f0361ea674d\/288769\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" referrerpolicy=\"unsafe-url\">ready-made example<\/a>.<\/li><li>Debate videos:<\/li><\/ol><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AeSf0j4cXMU\" target=\"&ldquo;_blank&rdquo;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Ever-Changing Past: Why All History is Revisionist History - YouTube<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> - <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1hr 30mins<\/span><\/i><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Tgn6fopSXhk\" target=\"&ldquo;_blank&rdquo;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Historical Revisionism and Genocide Denial - YouTube<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> - <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1hr 25 mins<\/span><\/i><\/li><li>Supplemental videos:<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=oHFxH-A9pzg\" target=\"&ldquo;_blank&rdquo;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Can History ever be both valid AND reliable ? - YouTube<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> - <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">11 mins<\/span><\/i><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/podcasts\/1101476293\/memory-wars-a-podcast-exploring-how-society-confronts-sin\" target=\"&ldquo;_blank&rdquo;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Memory Wars: A podcast exploring how society confronts sin : NPR<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> - <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Podcast<\/span><\/i><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cSKeNfcqdeQ\" target=\"&ldquo;_blank&rdquo;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Memory and the Philosophy of History - YouTube<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> - <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1hr 48 mins<\/span><\/i><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aTITBeyBnmc\" target=\"&ldquo;_blank&rdquo;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What is the difference between history and memory? - YouTube<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-9971\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse9971\" aria-controls=\"collapse9971\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> Introduction<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse spcollapse\" id=\"collapse9971\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-9971\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Highlight the focus question: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How does power and bias influence historical narratives?<\/span><\/i><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pose the guiding questions: &ldquo;Why do historical narratives change over time? Does this mean history is unreliable?&rdquo;<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-9972\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse9972\" aria-controls=\"collapse9972\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> Main Activity<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse spcollapse\" id=\"collapse9972\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-9972\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><b>Listening Task:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Students watch the video <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AeSf0j4cXMU\" target=\"&ldquo;_blank&rdquo;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Ever-Changing Past: Why All History is Revisionist History - YouTube<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and take notes on the speaker(s)&rsquo; key arguments and counterarguments. In the interest of time, videos can be assigned as homework prior to the class discussion.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">During note-taking, students should analyze the strength of each argument presented, relating this to their previous research.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If necessary, students should seek additional sources to support their analysis.<\/span><\/p><p><b>Kialo Discussion:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In small groups, students create a <\/span><b>new<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Kialo discussion around the central question.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Alternatively, if students require more structure, clone and share <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kialo-edu.com\/p\/6f9a7a9f-74d5-4415-b88b-e2299d482398\/303884\" target=\"&ldquo;_blank&rdquo;\" referrerpolicy=\"unsafe-url\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">this ready-made discussion<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, based on the theses below, and use the suggested claims as prompts for students.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Students should use their analysis to ensure they select only the strongest arguments from the listening task.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They should add these to the Kialo discussion as arguments, counterarguments, examples, and evaluations.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Encourage students to refer to the concepts of power, bias, and perspective in their arguments.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-9973\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse9973\" aria-controls=\"collapse9973\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> Reflection Activity<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse spcollapse\" id=\"collapse9973\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-9973\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><b>Whole-class Discussion<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: What factors cause historical revision? Does revising history mean previous knowledge was false? Who benefits from historical revision? Who loses?<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Example reflection questions:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Should historical revision have limits?<p><\/p><\/span><\/i><\/i><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Can some revisions be dangerous (e.g., Holocaust denial, rewriting colonial histories)?<p><\/p><\/span><\/i><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What surprised you about how history changes?<\/span><\/i><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How do power structures determine which historical narratives survive?<p><\/p><\/span><\/i><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Can we ever write a fully &ldquo;objective&rdquo; history?<p><\/p><\/span><\/i><\/i><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you could revise one part of history to be more accurate, what would it be? Why?<\/span><\/i><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Related Materials<\/h2><div data-height=\"auto\">\n\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kialo-edu.com\/p\/6f9a7a9f-74d5-4415-b88b-e2299d482398\/303884\" referrerpolicy=\"unsafe-url\" rel=\"nofollow\">Why do historical narratives change over time?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/strong> &mdash; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kialo-edu.com\" referrerpolicy=\"unsafe-url\">kialo-edu.com<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t<script async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kialo-edu.com\/assets\/static\/js\/embedded-kialo.min.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"embedpress-gutenberg-wrapper source-provider-GoogleDocs aligncenter clear   ep-content-protection-disabled inline\" id=\"7ec7d61d-746c-451c-9296-c892b6162936\" data-embed-type=\"GoogleDocs \">\n            <div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper \">\n                <div id=\"ep-gutenberg-content-767b639d3316cdf946862c7ff98decb9\" class=\"ep-gutenberg-content\">\n                    <div>\n                        <div class=\"ep-embed-content-wraper preset-default insta-grid ep-google-photos-carousel\">\n\n                            <div class=\"ose-google-docs ose-uid-a44cca8ec37fc025a154c40911cc9305 ose-embedpress-responsive\" style=\"width:600px; height:600px; max-height:600px; max-width:100%; display:inline-block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/presentation\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vQkGCQcnu_q9Tgk5kr8tMNP6B7OiE8iLVTHEV-VOPsM1GSThRSjZhqpfcnzSKUHlCMHwsmT2ejAAdwh\/embed?start=false&amp;loop=false&amp;delayms=3000\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" mozallowfullscreen=\"true\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"true\" title=\"Personal Memory vs Shared Memory, Lesson 3\"><\/iframe><\/div>                        <\/div>\n\n                                            <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lesson 3: Listening TaskFocus: How does power and bias influence historical narratives?Suggested Length: 1 hourLearning Objectives: Critical Thinking Concepts TOK Concepts Reflection Questions Confronting Biases and Assumptions: Identify perspective bias, question objectivity, and challenge authority bias. Exploring Contexts and Expert Opinions: Examine how power shapes historical narratives. Responsiveness and Flexibility of Thought: Students weigh contradictory [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":48,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"wds_primary_doc_category":0,"wds_primary_doc_tag":0,"footnotes":""},"doc_category":[20],"doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-993","docs","type-docs","status-publish","hentry","doc_category-knowledge-knower"],"acf":[],"year_month":"2026-05","word_count":156,"total_views":"18","reactions":{"happy":"0","normal":"0","sad":"0"},"author_info":{"name":"Amnah Ejaz","author_nicename":"ae","author_url":"https:\/\/resources.kialo-edu.com\/en\/author\/ae\/"},"doc_category_info":[{"term_name":"Knowledge and the Knower","term_url":"https:\/\/resources.kialo-edu.com\/en\/docs-category\/knowledge-knower\/"}],"doc_tag_info":[],"knowledge_base_info":[],"knowledge_base_slug":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/resources.kialo-edu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/993","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/resources.kialo-edu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/resources.kialo-edu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resources.kialo-edu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/48"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resources.kialo-edu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=993"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/resources.kialo-edu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/993\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/resources.kialo-edu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=993"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resources.kialo-edu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_category?post=993"},{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resources.kialo-edu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=993"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}